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The History of Phaya Naga is a long-standing story in the cultures of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and other Southeast Asian communities, especially within Buddhism and Hinduism. These stories appear in myths, beliefs, and religious teachings.
In Hinduism: Phaya Naga plays a significant role in Hindu mythology, serving as the companion of many deities. For example, Lord Vishnu rests upon Ananta Naga (the multi-headed Naga) in the Cosmic Ocean. Another Naga, Vasuki, was used as a rope in the churning of the ocean to create the elixir of immortality (Amrita). It is believed that Nagas dwell in the netherworld, a subterranean realm filled with treasures.
In Buddhism: Phaya Naga is involved in many events in the Buddha's life. For instance, the Naga named Mucalinda spread his hood to shield the Buddha from the rain during his meditation. In many legends about the construction of sacred stupas, Nagas are said to help guard and protect the relics. Nagas are considered semi-divine beings with great power, but they cannot attain enlightenment. They dwell in the heavenly realm of Catumaharajika (the Four Great Kings).
In Thai and Lao Culture: It is believed that Phaya Naga is the Lord of Water, residing in the Mekong River and other water bodies. They appear in folklore, legends, and rituals such as the Naga Fireball Festival. Naga statues are built in temples and sacred places to bring good fortune and protection.
According to Brahman-Hindu and Buddhist scriptures, as well as local beliefs in various regions, Nagas are divided into several clans or types, based on their colors and unique characteristics. They are mainly classified into 4 major clans as follows:
| Clan | Distinctive Features | Habitat | Abilities |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virupakkha | Golden-colored body | Dwells in the Catumaharajika Heaven | The supreme king of all Nagas, excellent shapeshifter with immense power |
| Erapatha | Green-colored body | Dwells on land | Has authority over higher Nagas |
| Chabyaputta | Rainbow-colored body | Dwells in water (rivers, streams) | Can shapeshift into a human |
| Kanha Gotama | Dark or purplish-black body | Dwells underground/netherworld (Naga Realm) | Possesses mystical powers |
1. Virupakkha Clan: Nagas of this clan are described as either green or golden in color, possessing great power. They are considered leaders of all Nagas and dwell in the Catumaharajika Heaven.
2. Erapatha Clan: These Nagas are blue or purple in color. They have various shapeshifting abilities and are strongly associated with water.
3. Chabyaputta Clan: These Nagas have a rainbow or multicolored body, sometimes golden. They are graceful and possess powers of compassion.
4. Kanha Gotamaka Clan: These Nagas are dark in color, sometimes brown or nearly black. They are fierce and have destructive powers.
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